How to Read a .cer File in Javascript
PKIjs
Public Central Infrastructure (PKI) is the basis of how identity and central direction are performed on the web today. PKIjs is a pure JavaScript library implementing the formats that are used in PKI applications. It is built on WebCrypto ( Web Cryptography API ) and aspires to make information technology possible to build native spider web applications that utilize X.509 and the related formats on the web without plug-ins.
New versions of the PKIjs are based on ES6 (ES2015) and are designed with these aims in mind:
- Nearly modern linguistic communication environments are using all ES6 features;
- Simplification of using PKIjs inside Node.js environs;
- Ability to employ only that parts of library lawmaking which are needed in user environment (minification of used code);
- Increasing level of documentation inside library;
- Ability to transpile library code into ES5 code;
- Enterprise-level quality of lawmaking and testing;
In the new version of library we have some new features:
- New version of "certificate chain verification engine" passed almost all tests from NIST PKITS. Tests are as well shipped with the library;
- Internal "WebCrypto shim" making it possible to work with "spki/pkcs8" formats in any surroundings;
Features And Additional information
Feature List of PKI.js
- First "crypto-related" library completely written on ES6 (ES2015);
- First and Merely open up-source JS library with total support for all "Suite B" algorithms in CMS messages;
- First library with support for CMS Enveloped data (encrypt/decrypt) in pure JavaScript + Web Cryptography API;
- Fully object-oriented. Inheritance is used everywhere in the lib;
- Working with HTML5 data objects (ArrayBuffer, Uint8Array, Promises, Web Cryptography API, etc.);
- Has a complete set up of helpers for working with types like:
- GeneralName;
- RelativeDistinguishedName;
- Time;
- AlgorithmIdentifier;
- All types of ASN.1 strings, including "international" similar UniversalString, UTF8String and BMPString (with assistance from ASN1js);
- All extension types of X.509 certificates (BasicConstraints, CertificatePolicies, AuthorityKeyIdentifier etc.);
- All "support types" for OCSP requests and responces;
- All "back up types" for Fourth dimension-Stamping Protocol (TSP) requests and responces;
- Has own certificate chain verification engine, congenital in pure JavaScript, with help from Promises and Spider web Cryptography API latest standard implementation;
- Working with all Web Cryptography API signature algorithms:
- RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5;
- RSA-PSS;
- ECDSA;
- Working with all "Suite B" (and more) encryption algorithms and schemas:
- RSASSA-OAEP + AES-KW + AES-CBC/GCM;
- ECDH + KDF on SHA-one/256/384/512 + AES-KW + AES-CBC/GCM;
- Pre-divers "key encryption key" + AES-KW + AES-CBC/GCM;
- Password-based encryption for CMS with PBKDF2 on HMAC on SHA-one/256/384/512 + AES-KW + AES-CBC/GCM;
- Working with all major PKI-related types ("minor" types are not mentioned here but there are huge number of such "minor types"):
- X.509 certificates:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting whatever internal values;
- Creatiion of a new X.509 document "from scratch";
- Internal certificate chain validation engine;
- X.509 "certificate revocation lists" (CRLs):
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting any internal values;
- Creation of a new CRL "from scratch";
- Validation of CRL signature;
- Search inside CRL for specific revoked certificate.
- PKCS#x document asking:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting any internal values;
- Cosmos of a new PKCS#x certificate asking "from scratch";
- Validation of PKCS#x signature;
- OCSP request:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting any internal values;
- Creation of a new OCSP request "from scratch".
- OCSP response:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting whatsoever internal values;
- Creation of a new OCSP response "from scratch";
- Validation of OCSP response signature.
- Time-stamping request:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting whatever internal values;
- Creation of a new Time-stamping asking "from scratch";
- Validation of Time-stamping request signature;
- Fourth dimension-stamping response:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting any internal values;
- Creation of a new Fourth dimension-stamping response "from scratch";
- Validation of Time-stamping response signature
- CMS Signed Data:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting whatever internal values;
- Creation of a new CMS Signed Information "from scratch";
- Validation of CMS Signed Information signature;
- CMS Enveloped Information:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting any internal values;
- Creation (encryption) with full support for "Suite B" algorithms and more;
- Decryption with full back up for "Suite B" algorithms and more than;
- CMS Encrypted Data:
- Parsing internal values;
- Getting/setting whatsoever internal values;
- Creation (encryption) with countersign;
- Decryption with countersign;
- PKCS#12:
- Parsing internal values;
- Making any kind of internal values (SafeContexts/SafeBags) with any kind of parameters;
- X.509 certificates:
Clarification of PKI.js lawmaking structure could be found in split file .
Important Information for PKI.js V1 Users
PKI.js V2 (ES2015 version) is incompatible with PKI.js V1 code. In guild to make it easier to move from PKIjs V1 code to PKIjs V2 code we fabricated a file that provides a mapping between old and new course names.
Information near PKIjs internal structure
Get-go of all a few words about what the PKI itself is. The PKI is a set of many related RFCs (Request For Comment, https://www.ietf.org/standards/rfcs/ ). All PKI data initially are in binary format, called ASN.one. Each ASN.1 PKI-related structure has its "ASN.1 schema" - textual representation in ASN.1 notation language. Inside PKI documentation you would find something like this (case from RFC5280):
Certificate ::= SEQUENCE { tbsCertificate TBSCertificate, signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, signatureValue BIT STRING } The PKIjs library is a gear up of "helpers", providing you lot piece of cake access to necessary internal structures. Each PKIjs grade is a directly "mirror" (in nigh cases) of ASN.1 construction, defined in related RFC. So, assume we have this ASN.one construction representation (case from RFC5280):
AccessDescription ::= SEQUENCE { accessMethod OBJECT IDENTIFIER, accessLocation GeneralName } Then within PKIjs you would have class AccessDescription with properties accessMethod and accessLocation. Description of each belongings of such data you could find in related RFC. Each grade has a link to the RFC the definition came from right before definition of the PKIjs class - Class from RFC5280, for example. Total table with links between PKIjs classes and related RFC you could find here .
Each PKIjs class has these common functions:
-
constructor- Standard constructor for each class. Common for any ES6 grade. Hasparametersparameter havingObjecttype. So, any PKIjs course could be initialized using this callnew <class>({ propertyName1: value1, propertyName2: value2 }). Also constructor could be called in gild to initialize PKIjs class from ASN1js internal data (schema) -new <class>({ schema: schemaData }); -
defaultValues- Static function. It is a common source of default values (pre-defined constants), specific for this item class; -
schema- Static function. The office returns pre-divers ASN.1 schema for this particular class. Usually using in telephone call toasn1js.compareSchemaoffice; -
fromSchema- Major function initializing internal PKIjs grade data from input ASN1js internal data; -
toSchema- Major role producing ASN1js internal data from PKIjs grade data; -
toJSON- Standard office producing JSON representation of each class. Ordinarily using indirectly during call toJSON.stringify(<PKIjs grade>);
In some complicated case PKIjs class could have additional functions, specific only for this particular class. For example, sign, verify etc.
So, hither is step-by-pace description on how PKIjs parses binary PKI structures:
- Binary data parsed via ASN1js package (
asn1js.fromBERfunction). Consequence from this step is ASN1js internal classes; - In society to produce a "helper" user need to provide data from step #1 to specific class of PKIjs to function
<class>.fromSchema(for exampleCertificate.fromSchema). Usually code volition looks similarconst cert = new Certificate({ schema: asn1.result })- this lawmaking internally would callCertificate.fromSchemafunction; - Inside
fromSchemafunction PKIjs class would parse ASN1js internal structures and produce easy to access class properties. Likewise infromSchemaPKIjs compare input ASN.one structure with how it should like (compare with pre-defined ASN.1 schema);
And then, usually user would employ this code snippet:
const asn1 = asn1js . fromBER ( binaryData ) ; if ( asn1 . offset === ( - ane ) ) alert ( "Can not parse binary data" ) ; const certificate = new Certificate ( { schema: asn1 . result } ) ; Here is step-by-step description on how PKIjs class data converts back to binary representation:
- User need to convert PKIjs class to ASN1js internal class. In lodge to do this user need to phone call
<class>.toSchemafunction; - As a upshot from step #1 nosotros would have ASN1js structures. And each of ASN1js construction has its course member
toBER- this role would render binary represenmtation of ASN1js structure as ArrayBuffer;
So, usually user would apply this code snippet:
const certificateBinary = document . toSchema ( ) . toBER ( false ) ; Examples
Parse a X.509 certificate
//region Parsing raw data every bit a X.509 certificate object const asn1 = asn1js . fromBER ( buffer ) ; const document = new Certificate ( { schema: asn1 . result } ) ; //endregion Create a X.509 certificate
//region Creation of a new X.509 document document . serialNumber = new asn1js . Integer ( { value: i } ) ; certificate . issuer . typesAndValues . push ( new AttributeTypeAndValue ( { blazon: "2.5.4.vi" , // Country proper noun value: new asn1js . PrintableString ( { value: "RU" } ) } ) ) ; certificate . issuer . typesAndValues . push ( new AttributeTypeAndValue ( { type: "2.5.4.3" , // Mutual name value: new asn1js . PrintableString ( { value: "Exam" } ) } ) ) ; certificate . subject . typesAndValues . button ( new AttributeTypeAndValue ( { blazon: "2.5.four.6" , // Country name value: new asn1js . PrintableString ( { value: "RU" } ) } ) ) ; certificate . subject . typesAndValues . button ( new AttributeTypeAndValue ( { type: "2.5.four.3" , // Common name value: new asn1js . PrintableString ( { value: "Test" } ) } ) ) ; certificate . notBefore . value = new Date ( 2013 , one , 1 ) ; certificate . notAfter . value = new Date ( 2016 , 1 , 1 ) ; document . extensions = [ ] ; // Extensions are non a office of document past default, it's an optional assortment //region "BasicConstraints" extension const basicConstr = new BasicConstraints ( { cA: true , pathLenConstraint: iii } ) ; certificate . extensions . push button ( new Extension ( { extnID: "ii.five.29.19" , critical: false , extnValue: basicConstr . toSchema ( ) . toBER ( false ) , parsedValue: basicConstr // Parsed value for well-known extensions } ) ) ; //endregion //region "KeyUsage" extension const bitArray = new ArrayBuffer ( 1 ) ; const bitView = new Uint8Array ( bitArray ) ; bitView [ 0 ] |= 0x02 ; // Key usage "cRLSign" flag bitView [ 0 ] |= 0x04 ; // Central usage "keyCertSign" flag const keyUsage = new asn1js . BitString ( { valueHex: bitArray } ) ; certificate . extensions . push ( new Extension ( { extnID: "2.v.29.fifteen" , critical: fake , extnValue: keyUsage . toBER ( false ) , parsedValue: keyUsage // Parsed value for well-known extensions } ) ) ; //endregion //endregion Create signed CMS bulletin
//region Creation of a new CMS Signed Data cmsSigned = new SignedData ( { encapContentInfo: new EncapsulatedContentInfo ( { eContentType: "1.two.840.113549.1.seven.1" , // "data" content type eContent: new asn1js . OctetString ( { valueHex: buffer } ) } ) , signerInfos: [ new SignerInfo ( { sid: new IssuerAndSerialNumber ( { issuer: document . issuer , serialNumber: certificate . serialNumber } ) } ) ] , certificates: [ certificate ] } ) ; render cmsSigned . sign ( privateKey , 0 , hashAlgorithm ) ; //endregion Use in Node.js
At the moment PKI.js lawmaking is compiled for Node v6 version. But in fact initially PKI.js lawmaking is a pure ES6 code and you could build it for any Node version by changing this line and run npm run build again.
Warning : if you lot would endeavour to build PKI.js code for Node version <= iv then yous would need to have require("babel-polyfill") one time per entire project.
//require("babel-polyfill"); // Would exist required only if you compiled PKI.js for Node <= v4 const asn1js = require ( "asn1js" ) ; const pkijs = require ( "pkijs" ) ; const Certificate = pkijs . Document ; const buffer = new Uint8Array ( [ // ... cert hex bytes ... ] ) . buffer ; const asn1 = asn1js . fromBER ( buffer ) ; const certificate = new Certificate ( { schema: asn1 . result } ) ; How to use PKI.js ES6 files directly in browser
Currently at that place is a possibility to use ES6 modules direct from Spider web pages, without any transpilations (Babel, Rollup etc.). In order to do this all used files must point to direct or relative names and should be achievable via browser. Almost all mod browsers would support the "native ES6 modules". You could check this link to caniuse site for current status.
You could check total-featured case here . And please carefully read this README earlier run information technology.
You could use PKI.js lawmaking by this way, but before you need to perform some additional steps:
- Supercede all occurences of
import * as asn1js from "asn1js"andimport { <something> } from "pvutils"insidepkijs/srcdirectory with correct paths toasn1jsandpvutilsfiles. Usually you would accept something similarimport * as asn1js from "../../asn1js/src/asn1.js"andimport { <something> } from "./pvutils/src/utils.js". Correct paths depends on your projection structure. Also y'all would need to replace path topvutilsinside usedasn1js/src/asn1.jsfile. How to supercede - ordinarily it is done viased "southward/<what_to_find>/<replacement>/thousand" *inside target directory; - Make a correct master ES6 file (initial awarding). It could be not a split ES6 file, but a script on your page, only anyway information technology must has exports inside
windowsnamespace in society to communicate with Spider web folio:
window . handleFileBrowseParseEncrypted = handleFileBrowseParseEncrypted ; window . handleFileBrowseCreateEncrypted = handleFileBrowseCreateEncrypted ; - Next office is your primary Web folio. In short, it should looks like this one:
<!DOCTYPE html> < html lang="en"> < caput > < meta charset="UTF-eight"> < title >Testing</ title > < script type="module" src="es6.js"> </ script > < script > function onload ( ) { document . getElementById ( 'parseEncrypted' ) . addEventListener ( 'change' , handleFileBrowseParseEncrypted , false ) ; document . getElementById ( 'createEncrypted' ) . addEventListener ( 'change' , handleFileBrowseCreateEncrypted , false ) ; } </ script > </ head > < body onload="onload()"> < p > < label for="parseEncrypted">PDF file to parse:</ label > < input type="file" id="parseEncrypted" title="Input file for parsing" /> </ p > < p > < label for="createEncrypted">PDF file to create encrypted:</ characterization > < input blazon="file" id="createEncrypted" title="Input file for making encrypted" /> </ p > </ torso > </ html > - At present you need to run your application as Node.js application. It is necessary just because mod CORS would prevent you from loading files from local filesystem;
OK, at present you are set up to launch your favorite Node.js Web Server and have fun with directly links to your wonderful PKI.js application! Yous could check full-featured example here . And please carefully read this README earlier run information technology.
More examples
More than examples could be found in examples folder. To run these samples you must compile them, for instance you lot would run:
npm install npm run build:examples Live examples can exist plant at pkijs.org .
Tests using Node surroundings
WARNING:
!!! in order to test PKIjs in Node environment you would need to install additional package node-webcrypto-ossl !!!
The node-webcrypto-ossl is not referenced in PKIjs dependencies anymore because we were noticed users accept a bug with the package installation, especially on Windows platform.
The node-webcrypto-ossl is Not a mandatory for testing PKIjs - you could visit test/browser subdir and run all the same tests in your favorite browser.
Too you could bank check CircleCI - for each build the service runs all tests and results could be easily observed.
If you exercise need to run PKIjs tests locally using Node please use
npm run build:examples npm run exam:node Limitations
- Safari, Edge, and IE exercise not accept complete, or correct implementations of Web Crypto. To piece of work around these limitations yous will probably need webcrypto-liner .
- You lot can check the capabilities of your browser's Web Crypto implementation here .
- Web Crypto back up in browsers is always improving. Please check this page for data most Web Cryptography API browser support.
Suitability
There are several commercial products, enterprise solutions also as open up source projection based on versions of PKIjs. You should, nonetheless, do your own code and security review earlier utilization in a product application before utilizing any open source library to ensure it volition encounter your needs.
Bug Reporting
Please report bugs either as pull requests or as issues in the consequence tracker. PKIjs has a full disclosure vulnerability policy. Delight practise NOT endeavor to report any security vulnerability in this code privately to anybody.
Related source code
- ASN1js project - in fact PKIjs will not work without ASN1js, it'south neccessary function of the PKIjs projection;
- C++ ASN1:2008 BER coder/decoder - the "begetter" of ASN1js projection;
- Freely bachelor ASN.1:2008 test suite - the suite which can assist y'all to validate (and meliorate understand) whatsoever ASN.1 coder/decoder;
License
Copyright (c) 2016-2018, Peculiar Ventures All rights reserved.
Author 2014-2018 Yury Strozhevsky .
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following weather are met:
-
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright find, this list of weather condition and the following disclaimer.
-
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of weather condition and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
Neither the proper name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND Any EXPRESS OR Implied WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, Merely Non Express TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO Event SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS Exist LIABLE FOR Any DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, Merely Non Express TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE Goods OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR Business concern INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON Any THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY Mode OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH Impairment.
Cryptography Notice
This distribution includes cryptographic software. The country in which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import, possession, use, and/or re-export to another state, of encryption software. BEFORE using any encryption software, delight check your country'south laws, regulations and policies concerning the import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to come across if this is permitted. See http://world wide web.wassenaar.org/ for more data.
The U.Southward. Authorities Department of Commerce, Agency of Industry and Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity Command Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.ane, which includes information security software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric algorithms. The form and manner of this distribution makes it eligible for export nether the License Exception ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS Export Assistants Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object code and source code.
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Source: https://www.npmjs.com/package/pkijs
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